Red wine - varieties from France to California

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The Ancient Egyptian leader King Tutankhamen knew what he was doing when he had jars of red wine buried with him to ease his passage into the afterlife. Indeed, recent medical studies have shown that red wine has a number of health benefits. Drinking one glass of red wine every day may help protect against heart disease and some cancers, and can help lower cholesterol levels and blood pressure.

It is believed that the antioxidants in red wine have a positive effect on the heart: in a study in France of people who ate fatty foods, heart attacks were less common amongst those who drank red wine with their meals. Antioxidants are linked to the protection of the body and prevention of disease.

This does not, unfortunately, mean that we can have free reign to drink as much wine as we like. The positive health benefits only apply when red wine is drunk in moderation. In the US moderation means one glass a day for women and up to two glasses for men. In the UK and Europe, the limit is two to three glasses per day for women and three to four glasses for men.

Red wine is made from about 40 different grape varieties across the globe. The nine most important ones are as follows, in order from light to heavy, low to high tannins, light colour to dark, etc.

Grapes	Grown
Gamay	Beaujolais and Loire, France
Pinot Noir	Burgundy and Champagne France; California; Oregon
Tempranillo	Rioja, Spain
Sangiovese	Tuscany, Italy
Merlot	Bordeaux, France; California; Washington State
Zinfandel	California
Cabernet Sauvignon	Bordeaux, France; California; Chile
Nebbiolo	Piedmont, Italy
Syrah/Shiraz	Rhone, France; Australia

Cooking with red wine

Due to its rich, deep flavour, red wine can be a useful ingredient when cooking. For example, it is used to intensify casseroles such as Daube de Boeuf, Boeuf Bourguignon and Coq au Vin; red wine risottos; and in many sauces. When choosing which wine to use in your stew, steer clear of 'cooking wine' and don't waste your Chateau Latour. As a general rule, don't cook with a wine you wouldn't be happy drinking as it won't add anything to your food.

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