The contact lens dictonary online - from I to R

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Iris - The ring of pigmented tissue that surrounds the pupil which expands and contracts to control the size of the pupil and consequently the amount of light that reaches the retina. The iris gives the eye its colour, which can be altered with cosmetic contact lenses.

Johnson & Johnson are one of the world's leading contact lens suppliers mostly thanks to their constant innovation in developing such products as the world's first daily disposable contact lenses (1-Day Acuvue). Other market leaders include: CIBA Vision, Bausch & Lomb, Ocular Sciences and Wesley-Jessen Vision Care.

Keratitis refers to a generalized inflammation of the cornea which may be caused by a number of factors including exposure to intense bright light, vitamin A deficiency and contact lens usage.

Laser Vision Correction is an umbrella term given to variety of surgical procedures aimed at reshaping the cornea using a computer controlled laser. Designed to appeal to anyone who's fed up with both glasses and contact lenses, the jury's still out on the wisdom of undergoing nonessential optical surgery.

Macula is the highly sensitive central part of the retina which is responsible for detailed central vision. The macula may deteriorate with age leaving the individual with only peripheral vision.

Nearsightedness (also known as myopia) is caused by the lens focusing light in front of the retina. The result is that anyone suffering from myopia will have good reading vision, but will have difficulty seeing clearly at a distance.

Opticians grind and dispense glasses and supply contact lenses. They're not to be confused with Ophthalmologists, who specialize in medical and surgical treatment of eye disease as well as covering all other aspects of eye-care. Optometrists complete the trio and are qualified to treat all visual disorders and diseases (including prescribing lenses and medicines) with non-surgical intervention.

Pupil is the aperture through which light enters the eye. The surrounding muscles of the iris contract and dilate to control the size of the pupil and consequently the amount of light the retina receives.

Quarterly Replacement Lenses (also known as frequent replacement lenses) are designed to be worn for up to three months, before being replaced with a new pair. Fresh contacts reduce the chances of potentially damaging deposits building up on the lens and represent a healthier way to wear lenses.

Refractive Error is a broad term that refers to any optical weakness that affects the ability of the eye to focus light rays correctly on the retina. This includes farsightedness (where the focal point is effectively behind the retina), nearsightedness (where light converges in front of the retina), and astigmatism (where light is focused on several points on the retina). All of the above can be corrected with contact lenses.

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